Diagnostic Dashboard

IFS-NEMO-ER demonstrates superior fidelity to ERA5 across dynamic and thermodynamic fields, whereas ICON-ESM-ER exhibits systematic excessive circulation intensity and IFS-FESOM2-SR reveals specific high-latitude ocean coupling artifacts.

While high-resolution models improve seasonal phasing over CMIP6, they exhibit systematic excesses in cloud cover and latent heat, with IFS-FESOM2-SR achieving the best energy balance while IFS-NEMO-ER and ICON-ESM-ER suffer from significant cold and wet/hyper-active biases, respectively.

IFS-FESOM2-SR demonstrates superior skill by balancing radiative closure and dynamic circulation, while the high-resolution ensemble generally corrects CMIP6 shortwave excesses through increased cloud opacity.

High-resolution EERIE models exhibit extreme, opposing mean-state biases—excessive, non-melting volume in IFS variants versus catastrophic summer loss in ICON—significantly underperforming the standard-resolution CMIP6 ensemble in reproducing historical sea ice evolution.

While the standard-resolution IFS-FESOM2-SR maintains a relatively stable mean state, the eddy-rich models exhibit severe energetic drifts (IFS-NEMO cooling/salinifying) and persistent structural biases in the Arctic halocline and Western Boundary Currents.