Diagnostic Dashboard

IFS-NEMO-ER outperforms both ICON-ESM-ER and CMIP6 by accurately resolving high-variability ocean-atmosphere exchange in Western Boundary Currents while avoiding the excessive 'flickering' of radiative fluxes seen in standard-resolution models.

High-resolution IFS models significantly outperform ICON-ESM-ER and CMIP6 baselines by correcting key circulation and stratocumulus biases, demonstrating that atmospheric physics improvements outweigh ocean grid choices in determining global mean state fidelity.

High-resolution models fail to capture the observed 1980–2014 strengthening of the Pacific Walker circulation and associated hydrological acceleration, exhibiting systematic trend biases identical to standard-resolution CMIP6 models due to internal variability phase mismatches.

High-resolution models correct the CMIP6 surface shortwave radiation bias but bifurcate into a 'thermally accurate but wet' regime (IFS-FESOM) and a 'hydrologically accurate but cold' regime (IFS-NEMO).

IFS-FESOM2-SR demonstrates superior skill in reproducing the amplitude and spectral characteristics of key coupled modes (ENSO, QBO, NAO), while ICON-ESM-ER suffers from a systemic suppression of tropical variability and a complete absence of stratospheric oscillations.

High-resolution coupling corrects CMIP6 surface solar radiation biases via increased cloud cover, though IFS-NEMO-ER exhibits a distinct cold-ocean syndrome while ICON-ESM-ER simulates an excessively vigorous hydrological cycle.

High-resolution EERIE models improve coastal upwelling representation but suffer from a systematic global cold bias, with IFS-FESOM2-SR matching observational patterns best despite a spurious Antarctic polynya mode.

IFS-NEMO-ER significantly outperforms CMIP6 and other high-resolution configurations by resolving the Double ITCZ bias, whereas ICON-ESM-ER exhibits a systematic global wet bias and excessive hydrological intensity.

IFS-FESOM2-SR outperforms higher-resolution counterparts with the lowest global SST error, while IFS-NEMO-ER suffers from a systemic global cooling and ICON-ESM-ER exhibits extreme regional compensating biases in upwelling zones and the tropics.

High-resolution models exhibit extreme, opposing biases compared to CMIP6, with IFS variants simulating excessive, thermodynamically thick multi-year ice (3–4x observed volume) while ICON-ESM-ER produces fragile, thin ice that melts nearly completely in summer.

IFS-NEMO-ER drifts towards a systematic cold-and-salty state while ICON-ESM-ER and IFS-FESOM2-SR exhibit deep-ocean warming and upper-ocean freshening, yet all models universally fail to maintain fresh surface conditions in the Arctic.